Liver cancer, also known as hepatocellular carcinoma, is a type of cancer that begins in the cells of the liver. It is one of the most common types of cancer worldwide and is often diagnosed at a late stage, making it difficult to treat. Risk factors for liver cancer include chronic infections with hepatitis B or C, heavy alcohol consumption, obesity, and exposure to certain toxins. Treatment options for liver cancer include surgery, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and radiation therapy. Research in this area focuses on improving early detection methods, developing more effective treatments, and understanding the underlying causes of the disease.